1. Albert ТА, Skolasky RL, Apfelbaum RI, et al. Fusion rates following anterior cervical decompression and fusion: a prospective, multi-center, study to investigate predictive factors of positive clinical outcome [Paper 1]. Cervical Spine Research Society Plating Study, Boston, December 9, 2004.
2. Anderson PA, Rosier DM, Rouleau, JP, et al. Evaluation of the inflammatory response to the Bryan™ Cervical Disk Prosthesis in a caprine model. Eur Spine J 2002;ll(suppl):36.
3. Bryan VE. Cervical motion segment replacement. Eur Spine J 2002; ll(suppl):92-7.
4. Cummins BH, Robertson JT, Gill SS. Surgical experience with an implanted artificial cervical joint. / Neurosurg 1998;88:943-48.
5. Foley KT, German JW. Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion: correlation of fusion status with clinical outcome [Paper 50]. Cervical Spine Research Society Meeting, Boston, December 9, 2004.
6. Garvey ТА, Transfeldt EE, Malcolm JR, et al. Outcome of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion as perceived by patients treated for dominant axial mechanical cervical spine pain. Spine 2002;27:1887-95.
7. Groff MW, Lauryssan C, Brantigan JW, et al. A prospective randomized multicenter evaluation of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) cage for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion [Paper 461. Cervical Spine Research Society Meeting, Boston, December 9, 2004.
8. Hacker RJ, Cauthen JC, Gilbert TJ, et al. A prospective randomized multi-center clinical evaluation of an anterior cervical fusion cage. Spine 2000;25: 2646-55.
9. McAfee PC. Artificial disc prosthesis: the Link SB Charite. In: Keach DL, Jinkins, JR, eds. Spinal Restahilization Procedures, Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002:299-310.
10. McAfee PC. The indications for lumbar and cervical disc replacement. Spine /2004;4(suppl):177-81.
11. Moreland DB, Asch HL, Clabeaux DE, et al. Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with implantable titanium cage: initial impressions, patient out¬comes, and comparison to fusion with allograft. Spine J 2004;4:184-91.
12. Tortolani PJ, Cunningham BW, Vigna F, et al. Intra-esophageal retraction pressure during anterior cervical plating and cervical disc replacement. / Spinal Disord Tech 2006;19:312-7.
13. Dmitriev AE, Cunningham BW, Hu NB, et al. Adjacent level intradiscal pressure and segmental kinematics following a cervical total disc arthro¬plasty: an in vitro human cadaveric model. Spine 2005;30:1165-72.
14. Geisler FH, Caspar W, Pitzen T, et al. Reoperation in patients after anterior cervical plate stabilization in degenerative disease. Spine 1998;23:911-20.
15. Lowery GL, McDonough RF. The significance of hardware failure in anterior cervical plate fixation: patients with 2 to 7 year follow up. Spine 1998; 23:181-7.
16. Swank ML, Lowery GL, Bhat AL, et al. Anterior cervical allograft arthrodesis and instrumentation: multilevel interbody grafting of strut graft recon¬struction. Eur Spine J 1997;6:138-43.
17. Link HD, McAfee PC, Pimenta L. Choosing a cervical disk replacement. Spine J 2004;4(suppl}:294-302.
18. Pimenta L, McAfee PC, Cappuccino A, et al. Clinical experience with the new artificial PCM (Cervitech) disc. Spine J 2004;4(suppl):315-21.
19. Cunningham BW, Gordon JD, Dmietriev AE, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of total disk arthroplasty: and in-vitro human cadaveric model. Spine 2003;28(suppl):110-7.
20. McAfee PC, Cunningham BW, Dmitriev A, et al. Cervical disc replacement: porous coated motion prosthesis. A comparative biomechanical analysis showing the key role of the postetior longitudinal ligament. Spine 2003; 28(suppl):167-85.
21. McAfee PC, Cunningham BW, Hayes V, et al. Biomechanical analysis of rotational motions after disc arthroplasty: implications for patients with adult deformities. Spine 2006;31{suppl):152-60.
22. Sefter J, Cunningham BW, Hu NB, et al. The biomechanical role of the uncovertebral joint in cervical disc arthroplasty: an in vivo human cadaveric model. Presented at the Spine Arthroplasty Society, Montreal, May 11, 2006:29.
23. Hu NB, Cunningham BW, Beatson H, et al. Comparative fixation methods of cervical disc arthroplasty versus conventional methods of anterior cervical arthrodesis: teeth, fins, or screws? Presented at the Spine Arthroplasty Society, Montreal, May 11, 2006:30.
24. Cunningham BW, Sefter JC, Hu NB, et al. Bioactive titanium calcium phosphate coating for disk arthroplasty: analysis of 68 vertebral endplates after 6 to 33 months implantation. Presented at the International Meeting of Advanced Spinal Technologies, Athens, July 2006:55.
25. Hu NB, Cunningham BW, McAfee PC, et al. Porous coated motion cervical disc replacement: a biomechanical, histomorphometric, and biologic wear analysis in a caprine model. Spine 2006;31:1666-73.
26. McAfee PC, Cunningham BW, Orbegoso CM, et al. Analysis of porous ingrowth in intervertebral disc prostheses: a non-human primate model. Spine 2003;28:332-40.
27. Anand N, Regan JJ, Bray RS. Posterior cervical foramenotomy: long term results and functional outcome of a consecutive series of patients with min¬imum two year follow up. Spine J 2002;2(suppl 1 ):5-6.
28. McAfee PC, Cunningham BW, Devine JD, et al. Classification of heterotopic ossification (HO) in artificial disk replacement. / Spinal Disord Tech 2003; 16:384-9.
29. Goffin J, Calenbergh FV, Loon JV, et al. Intermediate follow up after treat¬ment of degenerative disc disease with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis: single-level and bi-level. Spine 2003;28:2673-8.
30. Anderson PA, Sasso RC, Metcalf N, et al. Reoperation rates for cervical arthroplasty vs. arthrodesis. Presentation at the 33rd Annual Cervical Spine Research Society, San Diego, 2005:39-40.
31. Smith-Hammond CA, New КС, Pietrobon R, et al. Prospective analysis of incidence and risk factors of dysphagia in spine surgery patients: comparison of anterior cervical, posterior cervical, and lumbar procedures. Spine 2004; 29:1441-6.
32. Riley LH, Skolasky MA, Albert ТА, et al. Dysphagia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion: prevalence and risk factors from a longitudinal cohort study. Spine 2005;30:2564-9.
33. Bertagnoli R, YueJJ, Pfeiffer F, etal. Early results of cervical disc replacement utilizing the ProDisc-C arthroplasty technique. J Neurosurg Spine 2005;2: 403-10.
34. Pimenta L, McAfee PC, Cappuccino A, et al. PCM cervical disc prosthesis: range of motion after two years. 21st Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 9, 2005:41.
35. Traynelis VC. The prestige cervical disk replacement. Spine J 2004;4(suppl): 310-4.
36. Wong DT, Fehlings MG, Massicotte EM. Anterior cervical screw extrusion leading to acute upper airway obstruction: case report. Spine 2005;30: E683-6.
37. Fountas KN, Kapsalaki EZ, Machinis T, et al. Extrusion of a screw into the gastrointestinal tract after anterior cervical plating. / Spinal Disorder Tech 2006;19:199-203.
38. Mendoza SA, Rao SS, Clark CR. Is esophageal ischemia secondary to retractor pressure during anterior cervical fusion responsible for post-operative dysphagia? Presented at the 33rd Cervical Spine Research Society, San Diego, 2005:17.
39. Rhyne AL, Siddiqui F, Darden BV, et al. Incidence of postoperative dysphagia following total cervical disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation. Presented at the 33rd Cervical Spine Research Society, San Diego, 2005:187-8.
40. Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, et al. Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:519-28.
41. Robbins MM, Hilibrand AS. Post-arthrodesis adjacent segment degeneration. In: Vaccaro A, Anderson DG, Crawford A, et al, eds. Complications of Pediatric and Adult Spinal Surgery. 2003.
1. Matsunaga S, Kabayama S, Yamamoto T, et al. Strain on intervertebral discs after anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine 1999;24:670–5.
2. Vaijayantee K, Vedantam R, Lakshminarayan R, et al. Accelerated spondylotic changes adjacent to the fused segment following central cervical corpectomy: magnetic resonance imaging study evidence. J Neurosurg Spine 2004; 100:1.
3. Maiman DJ, Kumaresan S, Yoganandan N, et al. Biomechanical effect of anterior cervical spine fusion on adjacent segments. Biomed Mater Eng 1999;9:27–38.
4. Wu W, Thomas KA, Hedlund R, et al. Degenerative changes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion evaluated by fast spin-echo MR imaging. Acta Radiol 1996;37:614–7.
5. Lee S, Harris KG, Goel VK, et al. Spinal motion after cervical fusion: in vivo assessment with roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Spine 1994;19:2336–42.
6. Gore DR, Gardner GM, Sepic SB, et al. Roentgenographic findings following anterior cervical fusion. Skeletal Radiol 1986;15:556–9.
7. Weinhoffer SL, Guyer RD, Herbert M, et al. Intradiscal pressure measurements above an instrumented fusion: a cadaveric study. Spine 1995;20:526–31.
8. Leivseth G, Frobin W, Brinckmann P. Congenital cervical block vertebrae are associated with caudally adjacent discs. Clin Biomech 2005;20:669–74.
9. Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim TH, et al. Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion. Spine 2002;27:2431–4.
10. Fuller DA, Kirkpatrick JS, Emery SE, et al. A kinematic study of the cervical spine before and after segmental arthrodesis. Spine 1998;23:1649–56.
11. Goffin J, van Loon J, Van Calenbergh F, et al. Long-term results after anterior cervical fusion and osteosynthetic stabilization for fractures and/or dislocations of the cervical spine. J Spinal Disord 1995;8:500–8.
12. McGrory BJ, Klassen RA. Arthrodesis of the cervical spine for fractures and dislocations in children and adolescents: a long-term follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76:1606–16.
13. Gore DR, Sepic SB. Anterior discectomy and fusion for painful cervical disc disease: a report of 50 patients with an average follow-up of 21 years. Spine 1998;23:2047–51.
14. Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, et al. Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:519–28.
15. Frobin W, Leivseth G, Biggemann M, et al. Sagittal plane motion of the cervical spine: a new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults. Clin Biomech 2002;17:21–31.
16. Frobin W, Leivseth G, Biggemann M, et al. Vertebral height, disc height, posterior displacement and dens-atlas gap in the cervical spine: precision measurement protocol and normal data. Clin Biomech 2002;17: 423–31.
17. Leivseth G, Kolstad F, Nygaard OP, et al. Comparing precision of distortioncompensated and stereophotogrammetric Roentgen analysis when monitoring fusion in the cervical spine. Eur Spine J 2005 (online).
18. Reitman CA, Hipp JA, Nguyen L, et al. Changes in segmental intervertebral motion adjacent to cervical arthrodesis: a prospective study. Spine 2004;29: E221–6.
19. Wigfield C, Gill S, Nelson R, et al. Influence of an artificial cervical joint compared with fusion on adjacent-level motion in the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease. J Neurosurg 2002;96:17–21.
20. Kolstad F, Myhr G, Kvistad KA, et al. Degeneration and height of cervical discs classified from MRI compared with precise height measurements from radiographs. Eur J Radiol 2005;55:415–20.